Cancer – A Global Perspective
Every year about 18 million women and men are diagnosed with various cancers including carcinomas, sarcomas, neuroendocrine tumors, melanomas. These cancers are also associated with about 9 million deaths. This translates into roughly 34 cancer cases being detected and 18 cancer-related deaths every minute.
Annually, these cancers contribute to:
- ~4.1 million newly diagnosed cases and 1.8 million deaths in Europe (including the UK).
- ~2.1 million newly diagnosed cases and 550,000 deaths in the US.
- ~1.2 million newly diagnosed cases and 760,000 deaths in India.
Due to changes in lifestyle as well as other risk factors, these numbers are likely to increase in the future.
FAQs
1. Does Trucheck detect ‘existence of cancer’ or ‘possibility of cancer’? It detects ‘existence of cancer’.
2. Does Trucheck replace conventional cancer screening like mammography? Trucheck is not intended to be and should not be considered as a replacement for any Standard of Care screening tests.
3. Does a ‘negative’ Trucheck result mean that I am ‘totally’ cancer free? Within the limits of error, a ‘negative’ result is a reasonable indication of undetectable cancer of the type covered by the test. For other cancers not covered by the test, no inference should be drawn from a ‘negative’ result.
4. Does a ‘negative’ Trucheck result mean that I am free from cancer forever? A ‘negative’ results means that at the time of the test there were no detectable cancer cells circulating in the blood.
5. How frequently should Trucheck™ be repeated? As Trucheck™ is a non-invasive blood test, there is no disadvantage in frequent testing. However, we advise that Trucheck™ should be performed every 12 months in case of every negative result.
7. Is Trucheck recommended for a person suspected to have / has symptoms of cancer? No, such individuals should seek expert medical advice without delay.
8. Can Trucheck be used to monitor recurrence after cancer treatment? No.
Click here to download our Trucheck Patient Pretest Information Leaflet
Trucheck Cancer Screening Tests
- TruCheck Breast Cancer Screening Test£535
- TruCheck Colon Cancer Screening Test£535
- TruCheck Prostate Cancer Screening Test£535
- Trucheck Femhealth Cancer Screening Test£785Female cancer screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine or endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Especially useful for women on HRT.
- TruCheck Diabetic Cancer Screening Test£785Diabetes associated cancers: Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Kidney, Bladder and Colon cancer.
- TruCheck Intelli Cancer Screening Test£1035Multicancer: Melanoma, Head and Neck, Salivary Gland, Thyroid, Lung, Breast, Liver, Biliary Tract, Gastro-Intestinal, Soft Tissue and Osteosarcomas, Mesothelioma, Urinary Tract, Gynaecological, Male Cancers including Prostate, CNS, Thymus, Adrenal, Skin.
Trucheck Test Performance
Cancer |
Trucheck Sensitivity |
Conventional Sensitivity |
Trucheck Specificity |
Conventional Specificity |
Trucheck PPV |
Conventional PPV |
Trucheck NPV |
Conventional NPV |
Conventional Screening Test |
Breast |
88.2% |
86.9% |
99.9% |
88.9% |
99.9% |
69.6% |
99.9% |
95.9% |
Mammogram |
Prostate |
85.6% |
90.0% |
99.9% |
19.7% |
99.9% |
33.9% |
99.9% |
81.0% |
PSA |
Colon |
82.6% |
73-98% |
99.9% |
89% |
99.9% |
– |
99.9% |
– |
Colonoscopy/ CT Colonography |
Cancer |
85.7% |
99.9% |
99.9% |
99.9% |
This table compares the clinical performance of the Trucheck test with conventional cancer screening tests for different cancers. The results are based on a blinded prospective study involving 15,441 cancers, 700 benign cases and 13,919 asymptomatic individuals.
What does the DETECTION RATE mean?
The detection rate or sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those who DO have cancer in a group of people with and without cancer. For example, in a group of women with and without breast cancer, Trucheck Breast will correctly identify 88.2% of those who DO have breast cancer.
What is SPECIFICITY?
This is the ability to correctly identify those that DO NOT have cancer in a group of people with and without cancer. For example, in a group of women with and without breast cancer, Trucheck Breast will correctly identify 88.2% of those cases who DO NOT have breast cancer.
What is the POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE (PPV)?
This is the likelihood that if the test is positive that the individual WILL actually have cancer. For example, when the Trucheck Breast test shows a high probability of a woman having breast cancer, then there is a 99.9% chance that they WILL actually have breast cancer.
What is the NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE (NPV)?
This is the likelihood that if the result is negative that the individual WILL NOT have cancer. For example, when the Trucheck Breast test shows a low probability of a woman having breast cancer, then there is a 99.9% chance that they WILL NOT have breast cancer.
Reference
Gaya A. et al. Evaluation of circulating tumor cell clusters for pan-cancer non-invasive diagnostic triaging. (ACS Journal, 2021)
Population – Cancers: 9.416 (Retrospective) & 6.025 (Prospective) • Benign: 700 • Asymptomatic: 13.919 (Prospective)
Parameters – Analyte: C-ETACs, CTCs • Assessment: Colony Detection Assay • Clinical Validation Study
Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 99.3% (Benign) & 100.0% (Asymptomatic) • Sensitivity: 85.2% (Retrospective) & 86.7% (Prospective)
What cancers can it detect?
Trucheck™* Intelli has been validated for the detection of following types of malignancies:
Adenocarcinoma (AD: Salivary Duct, Thyroid, Breast, lung, Oesophagus, Stomach, Duodenum,
Jejunum, Ileum, Colon, Rectum, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Bile Duct, Liver, Ovary, Prostate, Uterus);
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC; Buccal Mucosa, Hard Palate, Larynx, Lip, Oral Cavity, Paranasal Sinus, Pharynx, Pyriform Fossa, Retromolar Trigone, Soft palate, Tongue, Tonsil, Oesophagus, Lung, Penis, Cervix, Vulva, Vagina, Anorectal, Skin);
Adenosquamous Carcinoma (ADSC:
Oesophagus, Lung);
Neuroendocrine (NET: Lung, Esophagus, Duodenum, Jejunum, lleum, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Prostate, Colon, Rectum);
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC: Kidney);
Transitional Cell Carcinoma (CC: Bladder, Renal Pelvis, Ureter);
Gastrointestinal Stromal tumors (GIST: Stomach, Duodenum, lleum, Jejunum, Colon, Rectum);
Melanomas (Cutaneous, Mucosal);
Mesothelioma (Plural, Peritoneal);
Sarcomas (Carcinosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Liposarcoma);
Small Cell Lung Cancer (Lung);
Glioma.
Important publications
• Akolkar D. et al. Circulating ensembles of tumor-associated cells: A redoubtable new systemic hallmark of cancer (International Journal of Cancer, 2020) Population – Cancers: 5.509 (Retrospective) • Asymptomatic: 10.625 (Prospective) Parameters – Analyte: C-ETACs, CTCs • Proof of Concept Study Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 96.4% (Asymptomatic) • Sensitivity: 89.5% (Retrospective)
Renade A. et al. Hallmark Circulating Tumor-Associated Cell Clusters Signify 230 Times Higher One Year Cancer Risk. (AACR, 2021) Population – Cancers: 5.509 (Retrospective) & 4.419 (P) • Benign: 324 (Prospective) • Asymptomatic: 10.625 (Prospective) Parameters – Analyte: C-ETACs, CTCs • Assessment: Colony Detection Assay • Proof of Concept Follow-up Study Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 97.5% (Benign) & 95.6% (Asymptomatic) • Sensitivity: 93.0% (Retrospective) & 93.0% (Prospective)
Gaya A. et al. Evaluation of circulating tumor cell clusters for pan-cancer non-invasive diagnostic triaging. (ACS Journal, 2021) Population – Cancers: 9.416 (Retrospective) & 6.025 (Prospective) • Benign: 700 • Asymptomatic: 13.919 (Prospective) Parameters – Analyte: C-ETACs, CTCs • Assessment: Colony Detection Assay • Clinical Validation Study Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 99.3% (Benign) & 100.0% (Asymptomatic) • Sensitivity: 85.2% (Retrospective) & 86.7% (Prospective)
Crook T. et al. Accurate screening for early-stage breast cancer by detection and profiling of circulating tumor cells. (Cancers, 2022) Case-Control Study Population – Breast Cancer Cases: 548 • Asymptomatic: 9.632 Parameter – Analyte: Breast-Adenocarcinoma-Associated CTCs Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 100.0% • Sensitivity: 92.07% Prospective clinical study Population – Breast Cancer Cases: 112 • Benign Breast Conditions: 29 Parameter – Analyte: Breast-Adenocarcinoma-Associated CTCs Performance Characteristics – Specificity: 93.1% • Sensitivity: 94.64%